Leguminosae-mim Acacia nilotica ssp. (L.) Willd. ex Del.

Keywords in this picture :

Fruit
Flower & fruit
Plant parts

Species information

Interest
An important source of firewood and good quality charcoal in the Sahelian regions. Its sap wood is yellowish white, and a pinkish red to reddish brown heartwood, it is hard and heavy with a density of 0.80. Resistent to water and termites, it is widely used for internal and external utensils and construction, boat building and pit props. In Sudan wood used for railway sleepers and water wheels. Roots are used for the wide mesh baskets used to protect large water and milk vessels. Source of gum and tannin, pods in Sudan contain 25-33.8% and de-seeded pods up to 50% tannin. In Cairo it is planted as a street tree ( Wickens et al. 1995).

Other Notes
Species characteristics: Very widespread species in Africa and also streaching to the Indian subcontinent and Shri Lanka, it is divided into nine subspecies. Single stemmed, deciduous or evergreen tree, usually 2.5-15 m tall, but reaching 25 m or more in the riverine subspecies, with a flattened spreading or rounded crown. Root system deep and extensive in dry sites, the taproot developing first and then the laterals, which become compact and massive, but in flooded sites the root system is largely lateral. Distinguished from most African Acacia species in possessing long straight paired thorns at the leaf axil which are characteristically deflexed. Acacia nilotica in Africa exhibits two very distinct ecological preferences: the subspecies subalata, leiocarpa and adstringens occur in wooded grassland, savanna and dry scrub forests on deep sandy loamy soils, and also on lateritic and calcareous sites. Subsp. kraussiana also prefers dry grasslands and savannas, especially on compacted sandy loam, shallow granite or clay soils along drainage lines and rivers, but away from flooding. On the other hand, subspecies nilotica and tomentosa are restricted to riverine habitats and seasonally flooded areas on clay alluvial soils. In the Indian subcontinent, subsp. indica forms low altitude dry forests usually on alluvium soils subject to flooding or black cotton soils. Now widely planted on farms throughout the plains, it will also grow on saline, alkaline, and on soils with calcareous pans. Common names: Cameroon: Garad (Arabic), Ngal (Kotoko); Mali: Tehedjeit (Tamarek). Distribution: Burkina Faso (Centre); Cameroon ; Egypt ; Ethiopia (Harerge); Mali (Kayes); Nigeria (Sokoto, Bornu); Sudan (Khartoum, Kordofan, North, Ash Shamaliyah); Tanzania (Uzaramo); Unknown ); Yemen (Aden); Zanzibar; Chad (Chari Baguirmi); Oman (Nizwa). Specimen total: 37 Degree squares: 6 Collection years: 1864-1986 Flowering period: Jan(3), Feb(3), Apr(1), May(1), Aug(1), Sep(5), Oct(5), Nov(2), Dec(3) Fruiting period: Jan(3), Feb(7), Mar(2), Apr(4), May(1), Jul(1), Oct(3), Nov(2), Dec(3) Altitude range: 5-457m

Specimen information

Collector
PS

Specimen Number
s.n.